1. Institute of Transportation, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/E230, 1040 Vienna, Austria
2. School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; eka@uitm.edu.my (E.S.); norbayasidek@uitm.edu.my (N.S.)
3. Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management (IESM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia * Correspondence: ronald.blab@tuwien.ac.at
Abstract: Researchers are increasingly concerned about the vast amounts of waste rubber tires pro- duced globally, which contribute significantly to environmental pollution. The potential of incorporating waste rubber tires to modify bitumen has garnered considerable interest. This study assesses pavement design temperatures according to SUPERPAVE standards for representative Malaysian regions. The assessment is based on hourly air temperature data and simulates temperature diffusion in typical Malaysian road pavements using the finite difference method (FDM). Tests on neat bitumen (PEN 60/70) and crumb rubber- modified bitumen (CR-TMB) samples evaluated their physical and rheological properties across various temperatures and aging stages. These tests were conducted using the dynamic shear rheometer, rotational viscometer, and bending beam rheometer.
Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude to K2 Bitumen Sdn. Bhd and Kemaman Bitumen Company for providing the research materials.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.